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The earliest inhabitation in Innsbruck dates in the early Stone Age. Some pre-Roman place names show that the area has been permanently populated. The Romans created the army station Veldidena at Oenipons (nowadays Innsbruck) in the 4^th century to protect the economically important commercial road Verona-Brenner-Ausburg in their province of Raetia.

In 1429 Innsbruck became the capital of all Tyrol. During the 15th century Innsbruck become a centre of European politics and culture under Emperor Maximilian I. Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria hold the rulership over Tirol by 1564 and other Further Austrian possessions, which were administered from Innsbruck up to the 18th century.       

During World War I, the only military action taking place in Innsbruck was in the end of the war. Italian Allied planes raided Innsbruck on February 20, 1918 and caused casualties among the Austrian troops there. No damage to Innsbruck was done. All Tyrol were occupied by soldiers of the III Corps of the First Italian Army in November 1918. Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in the Anschluss in 1938. In the period 1943-45 Innsbruck experienced 22 air raids and suffered heavy damage.